National Door Company Z000370R Fiberglass Smooth Primed, Right Hand in-Swing, Prehung Front Door, 3/4 Lite 1-Panel, Clear Glass, 36' x 80' Misc.
- National Door Company Z000370R Fiberglass Smooth Primed, Right Hand in-Swing, Prehung Front Door, 3/4 Lite 1-Panel, Clear Glass, 36' x 80' Misc.
- The most common superscript digits (1, 2, and 3) were in ISO-8859-1 and were therefore carried over into those positions in the Latin-1 range of Unicode. The rest were placed in a dedicated section of Unicode at U+2070 to U+209F.
When you create a poster, especially for the first time, you may be asking the questions:
- Is my font size too small to read?
- Is it too big? What size to make the title?
- What size to make the body text?
The easy answer is: It depends on how much content you have to present. There is no hard rule but at the same time, you want your audience to be able to read what you wrote. You also don't want your text to be so big as if it was written by an elementary school student.
The best way to find out is to start creating your poster by using the default font sizes we provide on our templates. As you are adding your content to the template you will be able to determine if the default font needs to be enlarged or reduced to accommodate your layout.
Do not waste your time perfecting your layout as you work on your poster. Do it at the end, after you have added all your information. It will save you a great deal of time and frustration. It will also let you adjust the font sizes before you tweaked everything to perfection.
Add Text to a Plot
text
draws the strings given in the vector labels
at the coordinates given by x
and y
. y
may be missing since xy.coords(x, y)
is used for construction of the coordinates.
- Keywords
- aplot
Usage
Arguments
numeric vectors of coordinates where the text labels
Lynda com code clinic: ruby tutorials. should be written. If the length of x
and y
differs, the shorter one is recycled.
a character vector or expression specifying the text to be written. An attempt is made to coerce other language objects (names and calls) to expressions, and vectors and other classed objects to character vectors by as.character
. If labels
is longer than x
and y
, the coordinates are recycled to the length of labels
.
one or two values in ([0, 1]) which specify the x (and optionally y) adjustment (‘justification') of the labels, with 0 for left/bottom, 1 for right/top, and 0.5 for centered. On most devices values outside ([0, 1]) will also work. See below. Planner studio pro 1 1 9 – manage multiple calendars.
a position specifier for the text. If specified this overrides any adj
value given. Values of 1
, 2
, 3
and 4
, respectively indicate positions below, to the left of, above and to the right of the specified (x,y)
coordinates.
when pos
is specified, this value controls the distance (‘offset') of the text label from the specified coordinate in fractions of a character width.
NULL
for the current font family, or a character vector of length 2 for Hershey vector fonts. The first element of the vector selects a typeface and the second element selects a style. Ignored if labels
is an expression.
numeric character expansion factor; multiplied by par('cex')
yields the final character size. NULL
and NA
are equivalent to 1.0
.
the color and (if vfont = NULL
) font to be used, possibly vectors. These default to the values of the global graphical parameters in par()
.
further graphical parameters (from par
), such as srt
, family
and xpd
.
Details
labels
must be of type character
or expression
(or be coercible to such a type). In the latter case, quite a bit of mathematical notation is available such as sub- and superscripts, greek letters, fractions, etc.
Right Font 5 3 3 X 4 X 6 4
adj
allows adjustment of the text position with respect to (x, y)
. Values of 0, 0.5, and 1 specify that (x, y)
should align with the left/bottom, middle and right/top of the text, respectively. The default is for centered text, i.e., adj = c(0.5, NA)
. Accurate vertical centering needs character metric information on individual characters which is only available on some devices. Vertical alignment is done slightly differently for character strings and for expressions: adj = c(0,0)
means to left-justify and to align on the baseline for strings but on the bottom of the bounding box for expressions. This also affects vertical centering: for strings the centering excludes any descenders whereas for expressions it includes them. Using NA
for strings centers them, including descenders.
The pos
and offset
arguments can be used in conjunction with values returned by identify
to recreate an interactively labelled plot.
Text can be rotated by using graphical parameterssrt
(see par
). When adj
is specified, a non-zero srt
rotates the label about (x, y)
. If pos
is specified, srt
rotates the text about the point on its bounding box which is closest to (x, y)
: top center for pos = 1
, right center for pos = 2
, bottom center for pos = 3
, and left center for pos = 4
. The pos
interface is not as useful for rotated text because the result is no longer centered vertically or horizontally with respect to (x, y)
. At present there is no interface in the graphics package for directly rotating text about its center which is achievable however by fiddling with adj
and srt
simultaneously.
Graphical parameters col
, cex
and font
can be vectors and will then be applied cyclically to the labels
(and extra values will be ignored). NA
values of font
are replaced by par('font')
, and similarly for col
.
Labels whose x
, y
or labels
value is NA
are omitted from the plot.
What happens when font = 5
(the symbol font) is selected can be both device- and locale-dependent. Most often labels
will be interpreted in the Adobe symbol encoding, so e.g.'d'
is delta, and '300'
is aleph.
Euro symbol
The Euro symbol may not be available in older fonts. In current versions of Adobe symbol fonts it is character 160, so text(x, y, 'xA0', font = 5)
may work. People using Western European locales on Unix-alikes can probably select ISO-8895-15 (Latin-9) which has the Euro as character 165: this can also be used for postscript
and pdf
. It is u20ac in Unicode, which can be used in UTF-8 locales.
The Euro should be rendered correctly by X11
in UTF-8 locales, but the corresponding single-byte encoding in postscript
and pdf
will need to be selected as ISOLatin9.enc
(and the font will need to contain the Euro glyph, which for example older printers may not).
In all the European Windows encodings the Euro is symbol 128 and u20ac will work in all locales: however not all fonts will include it. It is not in the symbol font used for windows
and related devices, including the Windows printer.
References
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
one or two values in ([0, 1]) which specify the x (and optionally y) adjustment (‘justification') of the labels, with 0 for left/bottom, 1 for right/top, and 0.5 for centered. On most devices values outside ([0, 1]) will also work. See below. Planner studio pro 1 1 9 – manage multiple calendars.
a position specifier for the text. If specified this overrides any adj
value given. Values of 1
, 2
, 3
and 4
, respectively indicate positions below, to the left of, above and to the right of the specified (x,y)
coordinates.
when pos
is specified, this value controls the distance (‘offset') of the text label from the specified coordinate in fractions of a character width.
NULL
for the current font family, or a character vector of length 2 for Hershey vector fonts. The first element of the vector selects a typeface and the second element selects a style. Ignored if labels
is an expression.
numeric character expansion factor; multiplied by par('cex')
yields the final character size. NULL
and NA
are equivalent to 1.0
.
the color and (if vfont = NULL
) font to be used, possibly vectors. These default to the values of the global graphical parameters in par()
.
further graphical parameters (from par
), such as srt
, family
and xpd
.
Details
labels
must be of type character
or expression
(or be coercible to such a type). In the latter case, quite a bit of mathematical notation is available such as sub- and superscripts, greek letters, fractions, etc.
Right Font 5 3 3 X 4 X 6 4
adj
allows adjustment of the text position with respect to (x, y)
. Values of 0, 0.5, and 1 specify that (x, y)
should align with the left/bottom, middle and right/top of the text, respectively. The default is for centered text, i.e., adj = c(0.5, NA)
. Accurate vertical centering needs character metric information on individual characters which is only available on some devices. Vertical alignment is done slightly differently for character strings and for expressions: adj = c(0,0)
means to left-justify and to align on the baseline for strings but on the bottom of the bounding box for expressions. This also affects vertical centering: for strings the centering excludes any descenders whereas for expressions it includes them. Using NA
for strings centers them, including descenders.
The pos
and offset
arguments can be used in conjunction with values returned by identify
to recreate an interactively labelled plot.
Text can be rotated by using graphical parameterssrt
(see par
). When adj
is specified, a non-zero srt
rotates the label about (x, y)
. If pos
is specified, srt
rotates the text about the point on its bounding box which is closest to (x, y)
: top center for pos = 1
, right center for pos = 2
, bottom center for pos = 3
, and left center for pos = 4
. The pos
interface is not as useful for rotated text because the result is no longer centered vertically or horizontally with respect to (x, y)
. At present there is no interface in the graphics package for directly rotating text about its center which is achievable however by fiddling with adj
and srt
simultaneously.
Graphical parameters col
, cex
and font
can be vectors and will then be applied cyclically to the labels
(and extra values will be ignored). NA
values of font
are replaced by par('font')
, and similarly for col
.
Labels whose x
, y
or labels
value is NA
are omitted from the plot.
What happens when font = 5
(the symbol font) is selected can be both device- and locale-dependent. Most often labels
will be interpreted in the Adobe symbol encoding, so e.g.'d'
is delta, and '300'
is aleph.
Euro symbol
The Euro symbol may not be available in older fonts. In current versions of Adobe symbol fonts it is character 160, so text(x, y, 'xA0', font = 5)
may work. People using Western European locales on Unix-alikes can probably select ISO-8895-15 (Latin-9) which has the Euro as character 165: this can also be used for postscript
and pdf
. It is u20ac in Unicode, which can be used in UTF-8 locales.
The Euro should be rendered correctly by X11
in UTF-8 locales, but the corresponding single-byte encoding in postscript
and pdf
will need to be selected as ISOLatin9.enc
(and the font will need to contain the Euro glyph, which for example older printers may not).
In all the European Windows encodings the Euro is symbol 128 and u20ac will work in all locales: however not all fonts will include it. It is not in the symbol font used for windows
and related devices, including the Windows printer.
References
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
Murrell, P. (2005) R Graphics. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
See Also
Chase
text.formula
for the formula method; mtext
, title
, Hershey
for details on Hershey vector fonts, plotmath
for details and more examples on mathematical annotation.
Aliases
- text
- text.default
5/3 Bank Login
Examples
library(graphics)
# NOT RUN {plot(-1:1, -1:1, type = 'n', xlab = 'Re', ylab = 'Im')K <- 16; text(exp(1i * 2 * pi * (1:K) / K), col = 2)## The following two examples use latin1 characters: these may not## appear correctly (or be omitted entirely).plot(1:10, 1:10, main = 'text(..) examplesn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~', sub = 'R is GNU , but not ..')mtext('Latin-1 accented chars: < <', side = 3)points(c(6,2), c(2,1), pch = 3, cex = 4, col = 'red')text(6, 2, 'the text is CENTERED around (x,y) = (6,2) by default', cex = .8)text(2, 1, 'or Left/Bottom - JUSTIFIED at (2,1) by 'adj = c(0,0)', adj = c(0,0))text(4, 9, expression(hat(beta) (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y))text(4, 8.4, 'expression(hat(beta) (X^t * X)^{-1} * X^t * y)', cex = .75)text(4, 7, expression(bar(x) sum(frac(x[i], n), i1, n)))## Two more latin1 examplestext(5, 10.2, 'Le franais, c'est faile: Rgles, Libert, Egalit, Fraternit..')text(5, 9.8, 'Jetz no chli zrittsch: (noch ein bichen Zrcher deutsch)')# }